India conducts the world’s largest and most complex democratic exercise, with nearly 991 million registered voters as of early 2025. Ensuring that every vote is counted accurately and transparently remains the cornerstone of India’s electoral democracy.
Addressing the importance of vote counting as a critical stage of the electoral process, at the India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management (IICDEM) 2026, New Delhi, Anindita Mitra, Chief Electoral Officer, Punjab, highlighted that India’s vote counting mechanism is governed by a strong constitutional mandate and a comprehensive legal framework under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, and the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961. These provisions ensure uniformity, consistency, and credibility in the declaration of election results across the country.
India’s transition from paper ballots to Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs), supplemented by Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) systems, has strengthened transparency, efficiency, and voter confidence. Vote counting is conducted in a highly regulated environment with meticulous planning of counting centres, clearly demarcated counting tables, and the mandatory presence of candidates or their authorised counting agents.
In a session 'Robustness of counting process' chaired by CEO Punjab, she said that the security of EVMs and VVPATs is ensured through multi-tier arrangements, including secure transportation, sealing protocols, round-the-clock CCTV surveillance, and deployment of central and state security forces in strong rooms. Observers appointed by the Election Commission of India closely monitor the entire process to ensure neutrality and strict adherence to rules.
Emphasising that “every vote matters,” the Chief Electoral Officer Punjab stated that free and fair vote counting upholds the principles of equality, inclusivity, and legitimacy of the elected government. Special efforts are made to ensure that the voices of elderly voters, persons with disabilities, and other marginalised groups are reflected accurately in the final outcome.
While acknowledging challenges such as misinformation, staff fatigue during long counting hours, technical contingencies, and extreme weather conditions, the Election Commission continuously strengthens training, logistics, and technological safeguards to maintain the robustness of the counting process.
She further said that vote counting in India is not merely a procedural exercise but an institutional trust-building process that reinforces public faith in democracy. The Election Commission remains committed to guaranteeing every citizen that their vote is secure, valued, and faithfully counted.
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